Ujung Kulon National Park

Ujung Kulon Rhinos

Sixty million years ago estimated there are 30 types of rhinos that live on earth. But this time only five remaining rhino species living in the world, three species in Asia and two species in Africa. Of the three types of rhinoceros that lived in Asia, two species have lived in Indonesia. Both types of rhino, which are endangered Java rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest 1822) and the Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Fischer, 1814) is known as "key species" in biodiversity conservation. Protection for both types of rhinos will greatly assist efforts to protect other wildlife, and various types of habitats from mountain regions pamah up in Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan. Javan Rhino in Indonesia in particular, is the only population that still exists and is expected to maintain the continuity of life - a kind of "flag ship" (a symbol of pride) Ujung Kulon National Park.

The Indonesian government in an effort to enhance conservation of biodiversity, among others, have participated in the signing of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES). Likewise with the Indonesian Rhino Conservation Strategy, has been developed by the Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (PHPA), Ministry of Forestry Republic of Indonesia. This strategy is based on Action Plan (Action Plan) of the Asian Rhino Specialist Group (Asian Rhino Specialist Group / AsRSG) of the IUCN - World Conservation Agency. This strategy gives the basic framework for priority to be achieved in rhino conservation measures, including proposals for further research on policy and funding mechanisms to strengthen this strategy.

Now a variety of rhinoceros conservation work in Indonesia is running the protection of Sumatra and Java rhinos in their natural habitat in Sumatra and Java by using anti-poaching units, known as Rhino Rhino Protection Units (RPU) and Rhino Monitoring and Protection Units (RMPU) by Program Indonesian Rhino Conservation (IPPA), Sumatran rhino breeding using in-situ, known as Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary in Way Kambas National Park by the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary Foundation (YSRS), and Ecology Research Competition between Java and bull rhino in Ujung Kulon National Park by Yayasan Mitra Rhino (YMR) and WWF Indonesia.

General Condition of Indonesia Rhinoceros

  Yore Java rhinoceros species occupies a fairly wide distribution, including Bengal to Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java. Mystery Javanese rhino numbers have been very serious attention from a variety of wildlife experts, which had an increase in population of 25 birds in 1967 to 50 birds in 1993. Currently Javan rhinos live only in the Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten, Indonesia with a population of relatively stable between 50-60 tail and tail less than 15 living in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam.

Sumatran rhinos have a better fate, although the threat of extinction for the species of Sumatran rhinos are also increasing. The population in the world ranges 400-700 tail, with a loss of population each year reaching 10%. But within the last 10 years increasing the population numbers decrease until it reaches 50%. In Sumatra, the population was estimated to be about 200-300 tail, the spread in TN Mountain Leuseur, TN Kerinci Seblat, TN Bukit Barisan Selatan and Way Kambas National TN. In Kalimantan, there are never reported in Khayan Mentarang TN, and CA Ulu Sembakung, but its status is still not clearly known. Except in Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia (about 100 individuals), little is known about its status in Myanmar where the child lives lasiotis type, while the child types sumatrensis represented in Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra.


The rate of decline in rhino populations in Southeast Asia in general due to a combination of the number dwindled due to habitat encroachment and illegal logging and over-exploitation, especially of hunting poaching for rhino horn trade. During the past 20 years, more than 40,000 rats (approximately 85%) of the world's rhinos were slaughtered by poachers who want culanya. Was due to a belief that the rhino horns and other body parts effectively as fever and aprodisiak ingredients. Although these beliefs can not be proved scientifically, but has catapulted the price of rhinoceros horn up to 20.000 U.S. dollars per kilogram in the Asian black market. At this time, rhino poaching pressure is still high in Indonesia, therefore we need to include anti-poaching activities in Rhino Conservation Program in Indonesia. Rhino poaching is subject to pressure both the use of firearms and snares are made of alternating (steel wire) or other form of trap that might kill rhinos and other mammals.


Sumatran rhino die Rhino hit the affected leg snares of steel wire meshes (alternating) At the same time the frequency and quality of forest destruction by increasing the public browser. Transitional political conditions of the New Order period toward the Reformation may be adversely impacted due to lack of understanding of the meaning of reform or abuse the public may interpret that as a group of reform society into forests to be used as residential and theft of forest products on a large scale and carried out with freely. Such conditions are not exacerbated by Indonesia's economic recovery so that the spur communities to use forests to meet their basic needs.
 

STRATEGY CONVERSION rhino INDONESIA

World conservation strategy based on protection of the life support systems, germplasm preservation and utilization based on the principles of conservation of natural resources. In line with increasing world awareness of nature conservation formed the World Conservation Strategy, and Indonesia have entered into a new conservation strategy.

Conservation and preservation of nature has long been done in Indonesia. Law No. 4 / 1982 on Basic Provisions of Environmental Management, and Law No. 5 / 1990 on Conservation of Biological Resources and Ecosystem has a strong underlying commitment to the conservation management of natural resources including biodiversity. As a real contribution in the development of environmentally sound, assessments and national conservation strategy has become a reference terbentunya Indonesian Rhinoceros Conservation Strategy. This is realized through the Indonesian Rhino Conservation Workshop in Bogor in 1991, between the PHPA - IUCN and WWF, which produced Indonesian Rhinoceros Conservation Strategy document as a reference in execution Indonesian rhino conservation.


Rhino Conservation Strategy target is to create favorable conditions for long-term life of the population of Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) and the Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) in Indonesia's natural.
With the Target Strategies are expected both Konseravi Rhino rhino species that have been entered into the Red Data Book - IUCN (International Union For Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) since 1978 with the category of endangered species / critical (Endangered) did not become extinct (extinct), even the population will reach a viable number of the original.


Rhino HISTORY 
Rhino appears at the tertiary period (± 65 million years ago) and consists of five periods:
Paleocene period (± 60-50 million years ago) 
Eocene period (± 50-45 million years ago) 
Oligocene period (± 35-25 million years ago) 
Miocene period (± 25-10 million years ago) 
Pleocene period (± 10 million years ago)


1. Sumatran Rhino (Sumatran rhino) horned two or Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Fischer, 1814 
2. Javan rhino (Javan rhino) or one-horned Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822 
3. Indian Rhinoceros (Indian rhino) or one-horned Rhinoceros unicornis Linnaeus, 1758


Like the dinosaurs that became extinct 70 million years ago, rhinoceros at sixty million years ago there were 30 species that live on the earth also suffered extinction. At this time only five types of rhino living in the world including three types of rhinos live in Asia, namely:
And two types of rhinos live in Africa, namely: 
1. African Black-horned rhinoceros horns (Black Rhino) or Diceros bicormis 
2. Two-horned African White Rhinoceros (White Rhino) or Cerathoterium simum 



References : 
id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badak_jawa 
http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/TN%20INDO-ENGLISH/tn_ujungkulon.htm